| Rights In Civil Society Section One - Theory Of Civil Society Part One The Essence Of Civil Society |
| The more general differences contradistinguishing the three societies necessary for the perfect organisation of the human race |
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Three principal constituents characterising societies |
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DE FACTO and DE IURE societies |
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All de facto societies can be called MAN-MADE |
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Theocratic society alone exists per se as a DE IURE SOCIETY, independently of human activity |
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Considered in relationship to the good which they propose as their proximate end, the three societies can be distinguished by calling one divine, the other natural and the third man-made |
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The end of civil society |
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Difference between the proximate end of civil society and the proximate end of theocratic and domestic society |
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Corollary: civil society must never harm theocratic or domestic society; rather, if must minister to them |
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| Definition of civil society |
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Distinction between civil society, State, and Power |
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Erroneous definitions of civil society |
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Definitions which err from excess |
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Definitions of civil society which err by defect |
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True definition |
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| The modality of rights, and the characteristics accruing to civil society from it |
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Various species of modality |
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How civil society is distinguished by its characteristic of universality from other societies which have the modality of rights as their proximate end |
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And by the characteristic of supremacy from other modal societies |
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Errors resulting from mistaken concepts of these two characteristics |
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Third characteristic: perpetuity |
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Fourth characteristic: the prevalence of force |
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Fifth characteristic: the end of civil society is the common good together with the tendency to equalise the share of utility |
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Sixth characteristic: the end of civil society is also the public good if this is directed to the common good |
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Seventh characteristic: the end of society is private good also, provided concurrence, or opportunity for this good, is open to all |
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Corollaries from the two preceding articles |
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Eighth characteristic: civil society needs external means to fulfil its end; it is an EXTERNAL society |
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Corollaries of the eighth characteristic |
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Corollary 1: civil society does not necessarily include all human beings |
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Those excluded from citizenship retain their extra-social rights |
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Corollary 2: it is not absurd for an individual to belong to several civil societies contemporaneously |
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Corollary 3: external means must be provided for civil society by the members in proportion to the quantity of rights which they place under the protection of the society |
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Corollary 4: in civil society members must enjoy a degree of social power equal to the share-quota they contribute, except for the judicial part |
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Corollary 5: Is an electoral patrimony to be set in the case of representative governments? If so, what kind of patrimony should it be according to rational Right? |
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Ninth characteristic: civil society has neither seigniorial nor profit-making power; its power is purely beneficial |
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Tenth characteristic: civil society is a multi-quota society |
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Civil society can accidentally seem unequal |
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| Government in so far as it flows from the essence of civil society |
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The sense in which fathers of families, by associating in civil society, cede the regulation of the modality of their rights |
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Radical governmental authority resides in the associated fathers |
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The authority of the representatives |
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Executive authority in officials, or government in the strict sense |
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Moral duties governing the choice of political deputies and officials |
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The independence and dependence of political deputies and officials on the fathers |
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| Alienation of social authority |
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The civil authority of the fathers can be alienated in whole or in part |
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Alienation of the social authority of the fathers introduces a slight seigniorial element into social society |
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How the social contract was conceived in the last century |
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