Section One - Theory Of Civil Society
Part Three
The Origin Of Civil Society
| Principles pertaining to individual Right, which are necessary for explaining the origins of governments |
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| Titles of right to govern; those of first acquisition and those of second acquisition |
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| Titles of first acquisition |
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| Right to govern, arising from a preceding right of ownership and of dominion |
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| §1. |
The title of absolute Being |
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| God considered as civil ruler over human beings |
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| Continuation — Theocracy among the Hebrews |
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| Possible errors caused by applying the principles of Hebrew theocracy to other civil societies |
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| §2. |
The title of fatherhood |
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| Fatherhood is a greater power than civil power and, in the state of nature, contains the latter |
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| Continuation — Possible errors resulting from the application of the principles of paternal authority to civil authority |
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| Continuation — Patria potestas is a particular, not a universal source of civil governments |
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| The third title: seigniory |
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| The fourth title: ownership |
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| Comment on the titles already discussed |
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| The right to govern, independent of the right of dominion and of ownership — Two classes of titles to this right |
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| Titles of civil rule which consist in an act of the person assuming it |
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| Preliminary teachings — Civil rule is a good for its possessor and its subjects |
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| Civil dominion is a good for its possessor |
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| Civil rule is beneficial for the governed |
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| Corollary to the first thesis: civil rule is a suitable object for a right of ownership |
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| Corollary to the second thesis: peaceful occupancy is a valid title to civil rule |
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| Peaceful occupancy |
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| Continuation — Lack of resentment against attempted occupancy is the sign of its legitimacy |
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| Continuation — Peaceful occupancy is the cause of three forms of government: monarchic, aristocratic and democratic |
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| Fragment of a philosophical history of civil society |
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| Mixed titles to civil rule consisting of seigniory and ownership preceded pure titles |
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| A republic is more suited to civilised pagan nations; a monarchy, to Christian nations |
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| The title of occupancy (continued) - Forced occupancy of civil rule |
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| Forced occupancy of civil rule as the sole means of self-defence |
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| Forced occupancy as a means of defending others |
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| Titles of civil rule arising from a common, combined act of many fathers |
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| §1. |
Occupancy by a body of people — As a result of choice |
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| Interpretation of choice |
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| The origins of civil governments in history |
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| Titles of second acquisition |
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| The two parts of right concern: |
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| Discussion of titles of second acquisition completes discussion about the formation of civil society |
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| Three ways of transmitting civil rule |
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| Civil power communicated to another's ownership without loss of power in the communicator |
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| Power transferred to another's ownership and lost by the person communicating it |
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| Delegated civil power |
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